The Role of Paradiplomacy in the Development of the Aruk Border Area
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18196/jpcn.v1i2.18Keywords:
Paradiplomacy, Formal Relations, Informal Relations, Border Area DevelopmentAbstract
Being isolated and lacking public facilities, border areas tend to be neglected. On the other hand, border areas can serve as economic and social hubs if isolation is broken through development and international cooperation. The Aruk border area in Sambas Regency was extremely underdeveloped before the construction of the Aruk Cross-border Post (PLBN). Opening the remoteness of Aruk was a challenging endeavor. However, through the local government’s efforts, Aruk has become one of the wheels of the economy in Sajingan Besar District, Sambas Regency. Using the concepts of the formal and informal roles of paradiplomacy in transborder diplomacy, this article reviews how paradiplomacy attempts to open up the isolation of Aruk for the welfare of the people at the border. This qualitative research discovered that the roles of formal and informal paradiplomacy in Sambas have significantly affected the development of the regency. Formal relationships have been held in the KK Sosek Malindo, while informal relationships have been built by personal relationships owned by regional sub-national actors. The two relations have encouraged the birth of policies supporting the border area’s development in Aruk.
References
Arifin, S. (2009). Pelaksanaan Asas Uti Possidetis Dalam Penentuan Titik Patok Perbatasan Darat Indonesia dengan Malaysia. Jurnal Hukum, 16(2), 183–204.
Askren, R. W. (2012). Liberalism and Borders: Finding Moral Consensus In The Open Borders Debate. In Dissertation (Issue August). The University of Utah.
Boyce, C., & Neale, P. (2002). Conducting In-Depth Interviews: A Guide for Designing and Conducting In-Depth Interviews for Evaluation Input. In Monitoring and Evaluation – 2 (TOOL SERIES Monitoring, Vol. 4, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.1080/14616730210154225
Bradshaw, M. J. (1998). Going global: The political economy of oil and gas development offshore of sakhalin. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 12(1), 147–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/09557579808400218
Brunet-Jailly, E. (2009). The State of Borders and Borderlands Studies 2009: A Historical View and a View from the Journal of Borderlands Studies Emmanuel. The Eurasia Border Review, 1(1), 1–15. http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/BorderStudies/en/publications/review/data/ebr/1_Brunet7.pdf
Cornago, N. (2000). Exploring the global dimensions of paradiplomacy. Functional and normative dynamics in the global spreading of subnational involvement in international affairs. Workshop on Constituent Units in International Affairs, 613, 1–24. http://www.forumfed.org/en/libdocs/ForRelCU01/924-FRCU0105-int-cornago.pdf
Cornago, Noé. (1999). Diplomacy and paradiplomacy in the redefinition of international security: Dimensions of conflict and co-operation. Regional and Federal Studies, 9(1), 40–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/13597569908421070
Duchacek, I. (1994). Perforated Sovereignties: Towards a Typology of New Actors in International Relations. In D. Brown, J. Groen, H. J. Michelmann, P. Soldatos, & B. Hocking (Eds.), Clarendon Press (Vol. 24, Issue 2, p. 135). https://doi.org/10.2307/3330727
Duchacek, I. D. (1984). The International Dimension of Subnational Self-Government Stable. Publius, 14(4), 5–31.
Elyta. (2021). Isu Perbatasan dan Politik Kesejahteraan: Kebijakan Pembangunan Terminal Barang Internasional Entikong. 12(2), 252–271. https://doi.org/10.14710/politika.12.1.202.252-271
Finambello, F. T., & Suparjo, A. (2019). Analisis Pengaruh Pembangunan Pos Lintas Batas Negara Terhadap Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Sosial Masyarakat Perbatasan. Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 8(2), 79–87.
Finer, S. E. (1974). the first phase of state-building. Social Science Infromation, 13, 79–126.
Firdaus, F. (2019). Dampak kebijakan pembangunan Pos Lintas Batas Negara (PLBN) Aruk di Desa Sebunga Kabupaten Sambas, Kalimantan Barat. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pemerintahan, 3(2), 109. https://doi.org/10.14710/jiip.v3i2.3881
Jackson, T. (2018). Paradiplomacy and Political Geography: The Geopolitics of Substate Regional Diplomacy. Geography Compass, 12(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12357
Jamaludin, A. N. (2016). Sosiologi Pembangunan. In Pustaka Setia Bandung.
Jordan, A. A., & Khanna, J. (1995). Economic interdependence and challenges to the nation-state: The emergence of natural economic. Journal of International Affairs, 48(2), 433.
Lecours, A. (2008). Political Issues of Paradiplomacy : Lessons from the Developed World. In Clingendael Institute.
Mau, S., Brabandt, H., Laube, L., & Roos, C. (2012). The Liberal States and the Freedom of Movement. The Liberal States and the Freedom of Movement, 87–88. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137016751
Meena, K. (2013). Border theory and Globalization: Perspectives from the South. International Studies, 50(1–2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020881716654381
Moleong, L. J. (2018). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Montague, Lord, & Chang, S. (2018). West Kalimantan Integrated Border Area Development. In Munich Personal RePEc Archive (Issue MPRA Paper No. 86537). https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/86537/ MPRA
Muazir, S. (2019). Interaksi Wilayah di Kawasan Strategis Nasional (Perbatasan) dalam Kerangka Jaringan Perkotaan. Jurnal Wilayah Dan Lingkungan, 7(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.14710/jwl.7.1.1-13
Mudzakkir, A. (2021). Sejarah Perbatasan di Asia Tenggara : Mengupas Pengelolaan Perbatasan Di Vietnam. Center for Area Studies LIPI, 1–4. http://psdr.lipi.go.id/news-and-events/opinions/sejarah-perbatasan-di-asia-tenggara-mengupas-pengelolaan-perbatasan-di-vietnam.html
Mufizar, Arkanudin, & Achyar, M. S. (2012). Pembangunan Sosial Masyarakat Perbatasan di Kecamatan Sanjingan Besar Kabupaten Sambas Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Jurnal PMIS, 1–22.
Mukti, T. A. (2015). Paradiplomacy : Bangkitnya Aktor Lokal di Fora Internasional Paradiplomacy : The Rise of Local Actor in International Fora. Jurnal Magister Ilmu Politik Universitas Hasanudin, 1(1), 85–94.
Nikodemus, N., & Purnama, D. T. (2020). Fenomena Drugs Trafficking di Wilayah Perbatasan Jagoi Babang Indonesia-Malaysia Kalimantan Barat. Jurnal Sosiologi Nusantara, 6(1), 1–12.
Nugrahaningsih, N., Alunaza, H., & Lutfie, R. Z. (2020). The Role of International Organization for Migration in Handling Human Trafficking in Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan Province. Jurnal Hubungan Internasional, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.18196/hi.91163
Rachmawati, I., & Fauzan, -. (2012). Problem Diplomasi Perbatasan dalam Tata Kelola Perbatasan Indonesia-Malaysia. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 16(2), 95–109. https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jsp/article/view/10896/8137%0Ahttps://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jsp/article/view/10896
Sergounin, A. (1999). The Bright Side of Russia's s Regionalization Nizhny Novgorod Linguistic University. In PONARS Policy Memo 59 (Issue April).
Suryadi, Andi, S. Z. dan S. M. (2015). Sikap Masyarakat Desa Sungai Nilam Terhadap Penebangan Kayu Tanpa Izin (Studi Kasus Di Desa Sungai Nilam Kecamatan Jawai Kabupaten Sambas). Jurnal Hutan Lestari, 4(2), 1–23.
Tagliacozzo, E. (2017). Secret Trades, Porous Borders. In Secret Trades, Porous Borders: Smuggling and States Along a Southeast Asian Frontier, 1865-1915. Yale University Press. https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300128123
Wirawan, M. R. (2019). Peran Pemerintah Daerah Dalam Kerjasama Perbatasan Indonesia–Malaysia di Kalimantan Barat (Sosek Malindo di Kabupaten Sambas Aruk–Biawak) [Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Yogyakarta]. In UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta. http://eprints.upnyk.ac.id/18948/
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Paradiplomacy and City Networks
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
